Use a web-app to improve breast cancer risk factors and symptoms knowledge and adherence to healthy diet and physical activity in women without breast cancer diagnosis (Precam project).

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the preliminary effectiveness of an educational intervention using a web-app to improve knowledge of breast cancer risk factors and symptoms and adherence to healthy eating and physical activity among women without breast cancer diagnosis in Asturias (Spain). METHODS: A pragmatic randomized pilot trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of a web-app-based intervention for women without breast cancer diagnosis. Women in the intervention group participated in a 6-month intervention web-app based on the Behaviour Change Wheel Model. The web-app includes information about breast cancer risk factors, early detection, physical activity and diet. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-fifth women aged 25-50 were invited to join the study. Two hundred and twenty-four were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (IG = 134) or control group (CG = 90) according to their place of residence. Adherence among women in the IG increased significantly from pre- to post-intervention for eight of the 12 healthy behaviors and for the identification of six risk factors and six symptoms compared to women in the CG and, among whom adherence only increased for two behaviors, the identification of one risk factor and 0 symptoms. The intervention significantly improved the mean number of risk factors + 1.06 (p < 0.001) and symptoms + 1.18 (p < 0.001) identified by women in the IG. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results of this study suggest that an educational intervention using a web-app and based on the Behaviour Change Wheel model could be useful to improve knowledge of breast cancer risk factors and symptoms and to improve adherence to a healthy diet and physical activity in women without a previous breast cancer diagnosis.

Development and validation of the MARA scale in Spanish to assess knowledge and perceived risks and barriers relating to breast cancer prevention.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a measurement instrument for assessing knowledge of breast cancer and perceived risk of developing the disease (MARA). METHODS: 641 women with a mean age of 36.19 years (SD = 7.49) participated in the study. Data collection took place during 2019 and included sociodemographic data, data on history of cancer and breast cancer, perceived risk, and feelings of concern about developing breast cancer. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and structural validity were tested. RESULTS: The questionnaire items comprise 4 subscales: risk factors (9 items), signs and symptoms (9 items), perceived risk (6 items), barriers (7 items). A factor analysis revealed that the first two subscales had two dimensions each, whereas the other two subscales had one dimension each. Each subscale was shown to have adequate reliability (α = 0.74-0.92) and temporal stability (r = 0.201-0.906), as well as strong evidence of validity in relation to a questionnaire on breast cancer knowledge (r = 0.131-0.434). In addition, the subscales were shown to have high discriminatory power in terms of the presence or absence of a history of cancer or breast cancer, perceived risk, and feelings of concern. CONCLUSION: The MARA questionnaire represents a valid, reliable tool for assessing Spanish women's knowledge, risks, perceptions, and barriers regarding breast cancer.

Apps for individuals diagnosed with breast cancer: a preliminary assessment of the content and quality of commercially available apps in Spanish.

BACKGROUND: many apps are directly related to health issues. Recent studies show that apps are widely accepted by the population and contribute to the modernization of the healthcare system. However, before recommendation, their contents and quality should be assessed, as well as the behavioral change techniques they include. In Spain, no study has been found to determine which apps are aimed at addressing any aspect of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to identify and describe the contents and analyze the quality and behavior change strategies of the free applications available in the online stores of Android and Apple whose main purpose is related to some aspect of breast cancer. METHODS: Searches were conducted in the Apple App and Google Play stores in Spain, between October 2018 and February 2019, using an Apple iPad Pro and a Samsung Galaxy Tab A6. The Spanish search terms used were: "cáncer de mama" [breast cancer], "cáncer de pecho" [breast cancer], "cáncer de seno" [breast cancer], "tumor de mama" [breast tumor], "tumor de pecho" [breast tumor], "tumor de seno" [breast tumor], "neoplasia de mama" [breast neoplasm], "neoplasia de pecho" [breast neoplasm], and "neoplasia de seno" [breast neoplasm]. After screening, contents related to breast cancer, quality, and behavioral change were assessed. RESULTS: The contents of the 6 selected apps were related to breast self-examination and to the signs and symptoms that may warn the woman of the presence of a breast tumor. The MARS objective and subjective quality scores were 4.11 (SD =0.59) and 3.07 (SD =0.91), respectively. The mean number of BCTs included in the apps was 2.83 (SD =3.040). The app with the highest number of BCTs was APP1, with a total of 9 techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Few free apps are specifically designed for breast cancer in Spanish. Their content and quality, as well as the number of BCTs they include, should be improved.

Conocimientos del profesorado de Educación Primaria sobre las medidas de actuación en una crisis epiléptica / Knowledge of Primary Education teachers about the procedure when facing an epileptic seizure

OBJETIVO: analizar los conocimientos y las actitudes respecto a la epilepsia infantil del profesorado de Educación Primaria de la ciudad de Gijón; así como valorar si estos varían al tener alumnado o familiares con dicha patología o al haber presenciado una crisis previamente. MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en 2016 en colegios de Educación Primaria de Gijón (Asturias). Se localizaron los centros mediante fuentes documentales oficialesy se contactó con ellos mediante correo electrónico. En aquellos que aceptaron participar se administró al profesorado un cuestionario elaborado ad hoc donde se incluyeron variables individuales: edad, tenencia de alumnado o familiar con epilepsia, experiencia previa de crisis epiléptica, conocimientos autoreferidos, actitud prevista frente a la crisis y deseo de conocimiento. Se realizaron índices de estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariantes mediante la prueba de correlación de Pearson y Chi cuadrado. RESULTADOS: el 92,4% del profesorado indicó no tener conocimientos suficientespara actuar en una crisis epiléptica. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre quienes habían tenido o no alumnado o familiares con epilepsia o hubiesen presenciado o no previamente una crisis. El 91,4% se percibía como mal o muy mal preparado para ello. El 5,1% de los encuestados administraría medicación de rescate a un alumno que presente una crisis epiléptica. El 98% deseaba recibir más formación sobre la epilepsia. CONCLUSIONES: el profesorado de Educación Primaria de los colegios de Gijón refirió un escaso conocimiento para hacer frente a una crisis epiléptica; sin embargo, manifestaron también un deseo de mejora

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the knowledge and attitudes regarding childhood epilepsy by the Primary Education teachers from the city of Gijón; as well as to assess if these vary when they have students or relatives with said condition, or they have been present previously at a seizure. METHOD: a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2016 in Primary Education schools Gijón (Asturias). The centers were located through officialdocumentary sources, and they were contacted through email. In those centers which accepted to participate, teachers were asked an ad-hoc questionnaire including individual variables: age, having students or relatives with epilepsy, previous experience of an epileptic seizure; self-reported knowledge; foreseen attitude when faced with the seizure, and willingness to learn more. Descriptive statistical indexes and bivariate analyses were conducted, through Pearson's correlation and Chi square test. RESULTS: out of all the teachers, 92.4% stated that they did not have enough knowledge for acting in an epileptic seizure. No statistically significant difference was found between those who had students or relatives with epilepsy or had been present previously in a seizure, and those who had not. The perception by 91.4% of teachers was that they were poorly or very poorly prepared for this; 5.1% of the participants would administer rescue medication to a student suffering an epileptic seizure, and 98% of them wanted to receive more training about epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: Primary Education teachers from Gijón schools reported they had limited knowledge to face an epileptic seizure; however, they also stated that they were willing to improve